Here are hints for problems 2a, 2b in the Kepler assignment: Hint for 2a: Use an "obvious" integral to get a formula for A (area) and also use the pi ab formula too. You'll get T. Hint for 2b: (1) Look at pp. 585, 586 for these equations: e = c/(GM) and d = h^2/c These are enough to do the first bit (just rearrange the bits) (2) Look at the top of p. 511 for these equations: a^2 = [ ed/(1-e^2) ]^2 and b^2 = e^2d^2/(1-e^2) Then use the first (drop the ^2) to get an equation for ed and one for b^2/a^2 (set up the fractions from the equations and simplify). Then finally you can get a new equation for ed which will finish 2(b). Hope this helps!